On October 9, 2025, the U.S. Senate approved the Guaranteeing American Innovation and National Access to AI Act (GAIN AI). This act mandates that leading manufacturers of advanced AI chips, including NVIDIA and AMD, give priority to U.S. companies in terms of product availability before exporting to “countries of concern,” such as China.

The bill was co-sponsored by Republican Senator Jim Banks from Indiana and Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts. Its primary objective is to bolster U.S. competitiveness in high-tech industries while imposing restrictions on exports to countries like China.

Despite facing criticism from the U.S. tech sector, which contends that the bill would stifle competition and hinder innovation, it sailed through the vote on the evening of October 9. However, the bill's journey to becoming law is far from over. The version passed by the House of Representatives in September did not contain export control provisions. Consequently, lawmakers from both chambers will need to engage in negotiations to finalize the proposal. There is a possibility that the relevant export control provisions may be removed during these discussions.