In early September 2026, the Indian government is evaluating a 'removal and replacement' plan, proposing to systematically dismantle and replace Chinese telecom equipment (such as Huawei and ZTE) already deployed in India's mobile communication networks on the grounds of national security. The Indian Ministry of Home Affairs has commissioned the Ministry of Telecommunications to survey operators to understand the usage of these devices and the costs of replacement. Industry insiders estimate that the potential cost for just two operators, Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea, to remove Chinese communication equipment could reach as high as US$3 billion.
