The Ministry of Water Resources is dedicated to establishing and enhancing a comprehensive "three lines of defense" system for rainfall and water condition monitoring and forecasting. This system aims to extend the lead time and boost the accuracy of flood forecasts. The first line of defense encompasses meteorological satellites and rainfall radar systems, primarily focused on early flood warnings prior to rainfall events. The second line comprises a ground-based rainfall station network, tasked with real-time rainfall monitoring and in-depth runoff analysis. The third line, the hydrological station network, monitors water levels and flows in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, providing vital data for flood control measures.

Despite notable advancements, challenges persist, including the insufficient density of the hydrological station network and limitations in short-term and imminent forecast capabilities. To address these challenges, the Ministry of Water Resources intends to bolster hydrological infrastructure development within the 15th Five-Year Plan, thereby further modernizing the system for rainfall and water condition monitoring and forecasting.