The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) has joined forces with Microsoft Research Asia to pioneer a cutting-edge brain-computer interface technology known as 'Neural Value Alignment' (NVA). This innovative technology harmonizes AI behavior with human intentions by conducting real-time analysis of human electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. It detects unconscious brain responses when AI actions diverge from human intent. The research team has pinpointed two crucial signals: the 'reward prediction error' (RPE) and the 'state prediction error' (SPE). RPE occurs when AI misconstrues the human's ultimate objective, while SPE arises when the goal is accurate, but the execution method falls short of expectations. By leveraging a deep learning model to decode EEG data, the NVA technology can ascertain whether AI behavior represents a 'goal error' or a 'method error' based solely on brain signals. This allows it to provide instant feedback to the AI system for decision refinement. Simulation tests have demonstrated that this approach surpasses existing solutions in terms of adaptation speed under uncertain circumstances, such as abrupt goal alterations or partial lack of neural feedback. The technology is earmarked for use in autonomous driving, medical rehabilitation robots, and personalized education, propelling the shift of AI from merely 'following instructions' to truly 'understanding intentions.'