At the 14th special study session, Premier Li Qiang of the State Council presided, emphasizing that the process of transforming scientific and technological achievements encompasses various stages, including technology research and development, engineering validation, industrialization, and commercialization. Any impediments at any of these stages can compromise the overall transformation effect. He underscored the importance of addressing these obstacles. At the foundational level, it is crucial to refine the evaluation systems and mechanisms for scientific and technological R&D and industrial development, emphasizing the practical contributions of scientific and technological achievements to economic and social progress, and enhancing the alignment between industrial demands and technological supplies. At the level of transformation and collaboration, Premier Li stressed the necessity of strengthening enterprises' leading role in innovation, encouraging qualified enterprises to spearhead or participate in national scientific and technological innovation projects. Furthermore, he advocated for fostering deeper partnerships between enterprises, universities, and scientific research institutions to collaboratively tackle industry-leading scientific and technological challenges and conduct joint research endeavors.