The European Space Agency (ESA) and the UK-based Frazer-Nash have collaboratively embarked on the INVICTUS project, focused on pioneering hypersonic technology to develop an experimental aerospace vehicle. This innovative aircraft will be capable of horizontal take-off and reuse, with a breathtaking flight speed reaching up to Mach 5. To overcome the formidable high-temperature challenges associated with hypersonic travel, the project leverages a cutting-edge hydrogen-fueled, pre-cooled air-breathing propulsion system.