Tesla CEO Elon Musk, in response to Paul Bassell—a former employee of both Apple and Rivian—stated that due to the "extremely vast and complex long-tail scenarios" encountered in the real world, achieving truly safe, unsupervised full self-driving (FSD) technology would necessitate approximately 10 billion miles of training data. Previously, in his "Master Plan, Part Deux," Musk estimated that obtaining global regulatory approval for autonomous driving would require 6 billion miles of testing. By the end of 2025, the cumulative testing mileage of Tesla's FSD system had surpassed 7 billion miles, potentially positioning Tesla as the company with the largest reserves of training data among global autonomous driving projects. Additionally, when evaluating NVIDIA's Alpamayo project, Musk highlighted the challenges inherent in developing autonomous driving technology. Tesla's Vice President of Artificial Intelligence Software also remarked that the complexity of long-tail issues far exceeds initial expectations.