As portable electronic devices and electric vehicles experience rapid development, there arises an urgent demand for a new generation of anode materials. These materials should possess a high theoretical specific capacity and demonstrate excellent cycling stability. Silicon-based anode materials have emerged as ideal contenders, thanks to their high specific capacity (ranging from 1400 to 4200 mAh/g) and suitable operating voltage (0.4V). Silicon-based anodes mainly consist of elemental silicon anodes and silicon suboxide anodes. Among them, silicon-carbon composite anode materials and SiO anode materials are the most widely used due to their well-established processes and superior overall electrochemical performance. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the core technologies of silicon-based anode materials, such as nanostructure design, pre-lithiation technology, and all-solid-state battery adaptation technology. These advancements have markedly enhanced their cycling stability and energy density. In terms of industrialization, leading companies like BTR New Energy Materials, Shanshan Co., Ltd., and Putailai have successfully achieved mass production of silicon-based anodes. They are also continuously driving technological innovation and capacity expansion. Silicon-based anode materials have gradually found applications in consumer electronics, new energy vehicles, electric aircraft, and other fields, holding immense market potential. However, silicon-based anodes still encounter challenges regarding cycle life, cost competitiveness, and manufacturing processes. Future endeavors should concentrate on all-solid-state integration and cost reduction through the utilization of biomass raw materials to facilitate their commercialization.