Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are renowned for their lightweight design, flexibility, and solution-processability, making them highly promising for use in near-space applications, building-integrated photovoltaics, and the Internet of Things. Nevertheless, when compared to crystalline silicon cells, the long-term operational stability of OPV devices—especially their performance reliability under severe environmental conditions—has yet to be thoroughly confirmed. As the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells continues to improve, bolstering both their inherent and environmental stability has emerged as a pressing challenge that demands immediate attention.
