Propelled by China's national "dual carbon" strategy and the rapid evolution of global photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells have emerged as a research hotspot and a new darling of the photovoltaic industry. This is largely due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, straightforward preparation process, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, challenges persist, as intrinsic defects within perovskite crystals and the high density of related defects in the hole transport layer have significantly hindered the long-term stability and commercial viability of these cells.
