A research team, headed by Academician Guo Guangcan at the University of Science and Technology of China, has achieved fresh advancements in the realm of on - chip optical synthetic frequency - dimension. The team members, including Li Chuanfeng and Tang Jianshun, proposed an innovative approach. Instead of employing traditional fixed beam splitters for coupling in a synthetic frequency - dimension simulator that is based on resonator - coupled arrays, they suggested using a Mach - Zehnder interferometer (MZI). This substitution enables the introduction of a wider variety of coupling types between frequency lattice points. Taking a dual - resonant ring structure as a case in point, the experiment successfully simulated several models. These encompass one - dimensional tight - binding lattices, Hall ladders, and Creutz ladders, which effectively demonstrated the versatility of this proposed method.