As the cornerstone infrastructure for next-generation information technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, data centers confront significant energy consumption challenges. Presently, China's data centers consume 196 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, representing 1.9% of the nation's total electricity consumption. This figure is projected to surge beyond 700 billion kilowatt-hours by 2030, constituting over 5% of the total. Notably, cooling systems emerge as the primary energy-intensive component, consuming a staggering 30%-40% of the total energy. Traditional air cooling techniques are no longer sufficient to meet the cooling demands of high-density AI computing clusters. The power output of a single cabinet has escalated to tens or even hundreds of kilowatts, leading to a persistently high power usage effectiveness (PUE) exceeding 1.8.

To tackle this issue, the industry is expediting the adoption of advanced liquid cooling technologies, including cold plate liquid cooling and immersion liquid cooling. These innovations can slash the PUE to below 1.1 and curtail overall energy consumption by 30%. Concurrently, data centers are actively pursuing green energy transitions by augmenting the share of renewable energy through green power trading, constructing self-owned renewable energy power stations, and deploying energy storage facilities. Moreover, the integration of AI technology has opened up a novel avenue for energy conservation in data centers. By enabling real-time monitoring and intelligent scheduling, AI facilitates precise control over cooling systems, thereby preventing energy wastage.