On December 15, the Physics magazine, published by the American Physical Society, unveiled its selection of nine groundbreaking achievements in global physics for 2025. Among them was the high-speed atomic rearrangement experiment in neutral-atom quantum computing—a collaborative effort by teams led by Pan Jianwei and Lu Chaoyang from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), along with Zhong Hanshen from the Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

This experiment leveraged artificial intelligence to construct defect-free two-dimensional and three-dimensional atomic arrays comprising up to 2,024 atoms in just 60 milliseconds, setting a new world record for the largest defect-free atomic array in neutral-atom systems. The breakthrough achieved a single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.97%, a two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.84%, and a detection fidelity of 99.92%. These key metrics place the achievement at the forefront of international research, providing a critical technological foundation for the development of fault-tolerant, general-purpose quantum computers based on neutral-atom arrays.