Perovskite solar cells have become prominent candidates for the next - generation photovoltaic technology, thanks to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low cost. Nevertheless, issues related to their stability and lead leakage have impeded their large - scale application. Traditional encapsulation materials are not capable of self - repairing damage. Once the encapsulation layer is compromised, its protective function is permanently lost. This results in performance degradation and an elevated risk of lead leakage.

To tackle these challenges, several recent studies have made significant breakthroughs:

• The research team from Xidian University has put forward a chemical and physical synergistic encapsulation strategy. By utilizing dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and a self - healing polymer PmA, this strategy enhances device stability and substantially reduces lead leakage.
• The team at Xi'an Jiaotong University has developed a self - healing encapsulation material. Composed of alkoxy polyethylene imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EP), this material enables rapid damage repair, maintains device stability, and suppresses lead leakage.
• The team from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has proposed a novel transparent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) encapsulation technology. This technology effectively prevents the intrusion of water and oxygen, thereby improving device stability.
• Additionally, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) functions as a green encapsulant. It suppresses lead leakage through a dual mechanism of physical encapsulation and chemical coordination. This not only enhances device stability but also reduces the environmental impact.

These studies offer new solutions for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.