In the wake of the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, big data, and Internet of Things technologies, the "memory wall" bottleneck that has long plagued traditional computing architectures has become more and more prominent. This "memory wall" refers to the significant gap in performance between the processor and the memory system in traditional computing setups, which severely limits the overall efficiency of data processing. To break free from this constraint, scientists have turned their attention to neuromorphic computing. This innovative approach draws inspiration from the human brain's information - processing mechanisms. By mimicking how the brain processes and stores information, neuromorphic computing aims to create more efficient and intelligent computing systems. Among the various research endeavors in this field, memristors stand out as a revolutionary type of electronic device. Memristors have the unique ability to integrate memory and computation functions within a single device. Due to this characteristic, they are widely regarded as the key building blocks for constructing future brain - inspired computing chips. These chips, once developed, have the potential to revolutionize the way we process information, enabling faster, more energy - efficient, and intelligent computing.