Credit: PG&E

Not everything about the future sucks. Like electric cars. Sure, there’s one thing that dinosaur-burners do better—short refueling stops—but even the least efficient EV is still multiple times better than its gas equivalent. So much better in fact that it offsets all the extra energy needed to make the battery within a year or two. They’re quieter, and easy to drive. And in a pinch, they can power your house from the garage. Or how about an airport?

OK, we’re not talking about a major international airport (although I really need to talk to someone at Dulles International Airport about my idea to electrify those Space 1999-esque mobile lounges at some point). But up in Humboldt County, California, there’s a microgrid at the Redwood Coast Airport that has now integrated bidirectional charging, and a pair of Nissan Leaf EVs, into its operation.

The microgrid has been operating since 2021 with a 2.2 MW solar array, 8.9 MWh of battery storage, and a 300 KW net-metered solar system. It can feed excess power back into PG&E’s local grid and draw power from the same, but in an outage, the microgrid can keep the airport up and operational.

Turning over an old leaf

One of the Leafs (from model year 2021) was bought by the Humboldt County Aviation Division, the other is a model year 2020 provided by Nissan. These are the previous generation of the Leaf we test drove recently, and they still rely on CHAdeMO for DC fast charging. But the second-gen Leaf was always capable of vehicle-to-grid; it’s just that no one ever set up a pilot in North America to do so, at least to my knowledge. We’ve seen school buses and F-150s get into the V2G game, and it’s good to see the second-gen Leaf now finally fulfilling that potential in North America, even if it has just been replaced with an improved model.

When staff aren’t using the Leafs as runabouts, they’re plugged into any of four bidirectional chargers on site. These are made by Fermata Energy, which also developed the vehicle-to-everything optimization platform.

“We are proud to have led the technical integration of this important pilot project that advances local resiliency and deep decarbonization and can play an important role in the community microgrids that are being developed across California’s rural north coast and beyond,” says David Carter, principal engineer at the Schatz Energy Research Center at Cal Poly Humboldt.

If the site is “islanded”—disconnected from the main grid—the cars can continue to operate bidirectionally, as long as the microgrid’s battery storage is neither too full to accept nor too empty to supply. But even in those circumstances, the microgrid can send excess solar to the Leafs if the batteries are too full, or deplete the Leafs to add energy to the main storage. The system also responds to input from California’s grid if it’s under an emergency, adding more power to prevent blackouts.

“Integrating bidirectional chargers and EVs at the Redwood Coast Airport Microgrid is an innovative solution that will expand the capacity of the site, extending the capability for powering the airport during local grid outages and providing another clean energy resource for ensuring statewide grid stability,” said Mike Delaney, vice president, Utility Partnerships and Innovation, PG&E. “The project showcases innovative Vehicle-to-Microgrid (V2M) technologies and demonstrates how EVs can support local energy needs and grid resilience.”