Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are widely considered a pivotal avenue for next-generation photovoltaic technology, thanks to their impressive photoelectric conversion efficiency, cost-effective manufacturing processes, and versatility for flexible applications. Nevertheless, the inherent soft lattice properties and low defect formation energy of multicomponent lead halide perovskite materials make them prone to generating a multitude of defects during crystallization and device fabrication. These defects can initiate non-radiative recombination and ion migration, thereby hastening the deterioration of device performance. This has emerged as a critical bottleneck, hindering the long-term stable operation and widespread commercialization of perovskite solar cells.