A team led by Gao Caixia from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has introduced a groundbreaking technology in the prestigious journal Cell. This technology, termed Programmable Chromosome Engineering (PCE), facilitates the precise manipulation of large DNA fragments at the chromosomal level. The PCE technology enables scarless genome editing across a wide range of fragment sizes, from kilobases to megabases, encompassing multiple types of genomic alterations. Through the innovative design of Lox sites, optimization of Cre proteins, and the development of scarless editing strategies, the team has established the PCE and RePCE systems, tailored for complex genome manipulation in both animal and plant cells. Leveraging this technology, the researchers have successfully cultivated herbicide-resistant rice germplasm, signaling immense potential for applications in crop enhancement and genetic disease therapy.