The Japanese semiconductor manufacturer Rapidus has established a foundry in Hokkaido, aiming to achieve mass production of 2nm chips, potentially positioning itself as a formidable competitor to TSMC. Tung Tzu-hsien, the chairman of Taiwan-based Pegatron, a fellow foundry, commented that TSMC has amassed substantial advantages and catching up within the next five years will be a formidable challenge. He further emphasized that it is no easy feat for challengers to "overtake on a curve," referring to the difficulty in surpassing TSMC's technological and market leadership.