For an extended period, there has been a prevailing notion that 32-bit Windows can only make use of 4GB of memory. This belief stems from the understanding that 32-bit addresses are capable of representing a maximum memory space of 4GB. However, Microsoft senior engineer Raymond Chen recently shed new light on this assertion, clarifying that it is not entirely correct. In reality, both 32-bit x86 processors and Windows systems have possessed the ability to access physical memory exceeding 4GB for quite some time. Microsoft ultimately decided to restrict the memory capacity of the consumer version of Windows to within 4GB, mainly due to the intricate nature of the hardware driver ecosystem and the potential compatibility risks prevalent at that time.
