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TSMC's 4-nanometer wafer fabrication plant in Phoenix, Arizona, which was announced in May 2020, commenced mass production in the fourth quarter of 2024, following four years of development. In the first half of 2025, the plant reported a net profit of approximately NT$4.5 billion, marking its first profitable period. The factory's production capacity has been fully utilized, with bookings from U.S. customers such as Apple and AMD. High utilization rates and robust demand for AI chips have been the primary catalysts for its profitability. Although construction costs were 30% higher than those in Taiwan and the plant relies on subsidies from the CHIPS Act, the upward pricing of high-margin orders and full capacity utilization have effectively counterbalanced the cost pressures.
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