During the main forum of the 27th Annual Meeting, the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) unveiled the top ten frontier scientific issues, top ten engineering technology challenges, and top ten industrial technology concerns that require attention in 2025. These diverse topics span various disciplines, including mathematics, physics, ecology, artificial intelligence, and biomedical science. These issues and challenges were curated from 80 national academic societies, endorsed by strategic scientists, and meticulously selected by the final academic committee. The objective is to foster independent innovation in science, technology, and industrial development within China.