The Anthropic team used Claude to overcome a 40-year vault research challenge that had long plagued the biology field, mapping the first-ever three-dimensional structure of a prokaryotic vault in less than four months. Claude was involved throughout the process—from screening 15 billion protein sequences for vault-related proteins, expanding the known vault protein family 36-fold to 1,507; to optimizing the purification process, compressing a purification experiment that originally took three days into 90 minutes; and to completing in just 34 hours the cryo-electron microscopy 3D structure reconstruction that previously took weeks or even months, yielding a high-resolution structure of the phage L05 vault at 3.2 angstroms. The study also discovered coenzyme A bound to the inner side of the vault protein, suggesting that it serves as a cell defense molecular container. Subsequently, with Claude's assistance, the vault was engineered to expand its internal space by 50%, addressing the pain points of difficulty in mass production and size adjustment of this structure and clearing obstacles for related pharmaceutical applications.