At present, in China, all vehicle models equipped with driver-assistance features are at Level 2 (L2) autonomy. This level has not yet achieved the hands-off, feet-off, and eyes-off autonomy associated with true autonomous driving. According to the national standard "Levels of Driving Automation", L2 driver assistance enables the vehicle to achieve coordinated control in both longitudinal (acceleration/braking) and lateral (steering) movements. However, the driver must remain vigilant throughout the journey and be prepared to take over control of the vehicle at any moment.

Cases reported by the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security illustrate the dangers of over-reliance on driver-assistance functions. For instance, a driver, overly dependent on the assistance system, failed to correct a deviation in time while navigating a highway ramp. This led to a collision with a guardrail, underscoring the crucial need for "human-machine co-driving" in L2 driver-assistance systems.

Data indicates that the penetration rate of L2 driver-assistance systems in new vehicles in China reached nearly 60% in 2024 and is projected to climb to 70% by the end of 2025. Nonetheless, this technology still operates best under ideal driving conditions and frequently necessitates human intervention in complex driving scenarios.