A research team headed by Gao Caixia from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has pioneered a groundbreaking new programmable chromosome editing technology (PCE). This advanced technique enables precise editing of diverse chromosomes across a broad range of DNA scales, from kilobases to megabases. The two core systems, PCE and RePCE, have surpassed the constraints of traditional large-fragment DNA editing methods, facilitating multi-gene stacked editing and the modulation of genome structural variations. These advancements offer novel strategies for crop enhancement and genetic disease therapy, demonstrating extensive application potential within the realm of synthetic biology. The groundbreaking findings have been featured in the prestigious journal Cell.