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On March 27, 2026, Google announced that it will complete system-wide post-quantum cryptography (PQC) migration by 2029, significantly ahead of the U.S. government's 2031 compliance deadline. This move aims to address the 'quantum apocalypse'—the critical moment when fault-tolerant quantum computers could break RSA and elliptic curve encryption. Google will first integrate the NIST-standard ML-DSA algorithm into Android 17, covering hardware trust roots, boot verification, remote attestation, and keystores, while driving a comprehensive upgrade of its app signing system. The company stated that based on the latest research, one million noisy quantum bits could potentially crack 2048-bit RSA within a week, underscoring the urgency of the risk.
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