Prior to the emergence of Google's VP9 and the AV codecs developed by the Alliance for Open Media, video codecs predominantly relied on closed licensing systems. These systems were not only expensive but also unpredictable. As the demand for video content surged, the internet found itself in dire need of a brand-new codec. Meanwhile, established standards such as H.264 and H.265 fell short in ensuring a unified protocol. In 2015, the Mozilla Foundation, in collaboration with Google and other industry players, founded the Alliance for Open Media. This alliance was dedicated to the development of open-source and open video codecs. AV1, which was built upon Google's VP9 and other technologies, was introduced as an open standard in 2018. It is free from royalty fees and features cutting-edge compression technology. AV1 has been widely embraced within the streaming media ecosystem and has laid the groundwork for the AVIF image format, which is also compatible with mainstream browsers. Recently, the Television Academy bestowed an Emmy Award upon the AV1 codec in recognition of its contributions. At present, the Alliance for Open Media is actively working on the AV2 video codec, with the goal of making online video more open, efficient, and accessible to all.