In the future, treating numerous inflammatory-related neurological conditions might not necessitate craniotomy. For brain diseases like Parkinson's and epilepsy, conventional electrical stimulation treatments typically involve craniotomy to implant electrodes, which carries the risk of injury. Although transcranial magnetic stimulation offers a non-invasive alternative, its spatial resolution is relatively low.

An international research team, hailing from institutions such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has published a study in Nature Biotechnology. In this study, they designed a biological "express" system termed "circulating electronics." They fabricated wireless electronic devices at subcellular scales, employing monocytes as "couriers" to affix these miniature devices, thereby creating a "cell-electronics" hybrid.

Mouse experiments revealed that this hybrid could successfully traverse the blood-brain barrier and specifically accumulate in inflamed brain regions. When subjected to near-infrared light irradiation, the device was capable of releasing electrical currents to precisely stimulate neurons in the targeted area.

While this technology shows promise for treating diseases in other parts of the body in the future, it is currently in the early stages of animal experimentation. Further validation is required regarding its targeting efficiency, long-term safety, and stability.