The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has unveiled its recommendations for crafting the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, with a particular focus on bolstering original innovation and overcoming challenges in key core technologies. The overarching goal of the plan is to refine the new national system, implement extraordinary measures, and orchestrate full-chain initiatives to achieve pivotal breakthroughs in core technologies within crucial sectors such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end instruments, foundational software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing. It underscores the importance of aligning with national strategic imperatives and lays out the execution of a series of significant scientific and technological endeavors. Furthermore, the plan underscores the necessity for a strategic, visionary, and systematic approach to basic research, advocating for increased investment in this area and the provision of sustained, long-term support. It reaffirms the commitment to original innovation, enhances the ecosystem conducive to original and transformative innovation, and aspires to yield more landmark original accomplishments.