At present, the world is experiencing unprecedented accelerated transformations, marking a century of profound change. Artificial intelligence (AI), as a pivotal strategic technology spearheading a new wave of scientific and technological innovation and industrial metamorphosis, is reshaping human production methods and lifestyles, while simultaneously sparking widespread apprehensions regarding the potential risks and challenges it poses. President Xi Jinping has underscored the importance of adhering to a people-centric philosophy, ensuring AI's beneficial utilization, fortifying AI regulatory frameworks within the United Nations system, fostering green transitions, and facilitating the seamless integration of developing nations into the digital, intelligent, and green development paradigms. The 15th Five-Year Plan outline advocates for the promotion of a widely inclusive AI governance framework among nations, the construction of an open global AI ecosystem characterized by equality, mutual trust, diversity, and mutually beneficial cooperation, and the support for enhancing AI capabilities in Global South countries. China is actively championing the formulation of a globally acknowledged framework and regulatory principles for AI governance, offering Chinese insights and contributing Chinese wisdom to the international community.

In contrast to more established global governance issues, such as upholding the multilateral trading system and combating climate change, global AI governance presents unique challenges. On one hand, AI technology is advancing at a breakneck pace with far-reaching implications, and the international community is still in the process of fully preparing to address these developments. Its explosive growth coincides with escalating geopolitical tensions, and global governance has been confronted with intricate scenarios involving major power rivalries and technological competitions from its inception. On the other hand, AI is not merely a subject of decision-making but also plays a partial role in the decision-making processes. The authenticity and efficacy of the information it provides increasingly influence decision outcomes and quality. However, AI technologies employed to aid decision-making are typically dominated by a handful of corporations, making it imperative to ensure the availability of comprehensive and objective information. Furthermore, the entities subject to AI governance are fluid and virtual, encompassing technologies such as computing power, algorithms, data, and models, which lack distinct "governance anchors." They operate and traverse freely in cyberspace, with the information collected and processing methods not entirely within human control. The behavior of generative AI may even surpass the original design intentions of its developers.

Currently, the establishment of a global AI governance system is confronted with numerous obstacles. The international community lacks a consensus on salient issues in global AI governance, with regulatory rules trailing behind technological advancements. A multitude of global governance mechanisms exist but suffer from a lack of coordination, resulting in a "mechanism complex" that leads to convoluted and challenging-to-implement regulations. Moreover, technological nationalism is on the rise, with countries holding divergent perspectives on critical issues such as cross-border data flows, content moderation, and governmental regulatory authority. To foster the enhancement of global AI governance, the international community should bolster mutual trust and cooperation, institute AI monitoring and early warning mechanisms, as well as mechanisms for sharing benefits and responsibilities, and on this foundation, strive to forge a broader consensus.