Recently, an important study that had been widely cited and regarded as proof of ChatGPT's significant improvement in students' learning outcomes has been retracted. The study originally claimed that ChatGPT had a positive impact on students' learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking. However, due to multiple data discrepancies and methodological issues in the meta-analysis process, the reliability of its conclusions was questioned, leading to its eventual retraction by the publisher.
